Emergency and Oral Contraceptives :: Birth Control Expository Essays

Emergency and Oral Contraceptives Contraception is the intentional prevention of conception or pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Contraceptives are more than 99 percent effective, and I believe they are a reliable form of birth control. Men and women want contraception in one form or another that is safe, effective, affordable, and easy to use. Today, more than ever, we have a variety of choices that meet these needs (Winikoff 1). Emergency contraception has been available for more than 25 years and could prevent 1.7 million unintended pregnancies and 800,000 abortions each year in the U.S. It is a safe and effective method of contraception, and women who have used it report high levels of satisfaction. These successfully staggering numbers are evidence of the effectiveness of contraception. A more common name for emergency contraception is the ‘morning after’ pill. But this indeed is an inaccurate generalization. The pill can be taken the night of sexual intercourse, and even up to 72 hours after intercourse. A woman using the emergency contraceptive method should begin taking the recommended dosage within the first 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. The recommended dosage, which is two pills, is to be taken 12 hours apart. For best results, the first pill is to be taken within the 72 hour time frame, yet studies do show effectiveness if taken after that period. The second pill must be taken 12 hours after the first (Samra). The emergency contraceptive pills each contain .05 mg of the hormone ethinyl estradiol and .5 mg of the hormone norgestrel. The ingestion of these hormones is what prevents or delays ovulation. These hormones also can prevent the fertilization of the egg, if one has already been released from the ovary, and may interfere with the implantation of an egg. Scientific evidence suggests the pills work before pregnancy occurs by preventing or delaying ovulation (Syrop). Although emergency contraception is considered safe and effective, it should not be used as an everyday method of contraception. Emergency contraception is not as effective as birth control pills, because of occasions where it is taken too late, and is associated with more uncomfortable side effects. The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting (Syrop). Another form of emergency contraception deals with the insertion of a copper-T intrauterine device (IUD) within five days of unprotected sex. Insertion of this device is more effective than emergency contraception. Inserting an IUD can prevent implantation of a fertilized egg 99 percent of the time, and can be left in place for up to ten years if desired (Syrop).

Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice in the United States

Nurse Practitioners are registered nurses who are outstandingly recognized for providing primary care and treating acute and chronic illness and diseases. They acquired practiced skills and experience through advance education and medical training, and are authorized to serve as health and medical care resources and interdisciplinary consultants for diverse populations during health and illness. Nurse Practitioners may be generalists, like family nurse practitioners, or specialists whose areas of expertise include pediatrics, geriatrics, and psychiatry.Nurse Practitioners render a wide range of different types of preventive and clinical services as authorized by a state's Nurse Practice Act that vary from state-to-state in which some allow independent practice for nurse practitioners. In the United States, the state from which a nurse practitioner is practicing gives the nurse practitioner’s license being certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Since the profession is regulated by the state, the extended care-giving role played by Nurse Practitioners varies. Nurse practitioners in the community may be engaged in health maintenance organizations, home health care agencies, public health departments, school or college clinics, and physician’s offices, to mention a few.With increasing demand for primary care services to underserved groups and communities, nurse practitioners are successfully qualified for rendering such service, being fully equipped with appropriate knowledge and training. Standards for practice developed by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (1993) provide the specific activities that a nurse practitioner can perform and govern the services granted.In general, regardless of specialty, the scope of services practiced by nurse practitioners is divided into three categories. The first category covers the assessment of health status. This includes activities such as obtaining medical and health record of a n individual, performing nursing assessments, and conducting physical examination on patients. Nurse practitioners also perform preventive screening procedures based on the patient’s age and history. Such screening includes those for hearing, sight, and cancer. Identification of medical health risks and requirements is also under the scope of practice of this profession.The second category is the application of suitable diagnosis based on previous examinations and clinical findings. They execute and interpret diagnostic studies such as routine laboratory tests, EKGs and X-rays. Diagnosing, treating, evaluating, and managing minor and common and acute and stable illness and diseases such as injuries, diabetes, and high blood pressure are being employed by nurse practitioners. Also, with proper training or with supervision, they are also allowed to perform minor surgeries and procedures and may be First Assistants in the OR.Central to the care provided by nurse practitioners ar e the conditions of the patients and the further effect of illness on the lives of the patients and the patients’ relatives. Thus, supportive counseling and educating patients regarding their health behaviors stressing out health promotion and citing preventive measures on illness and diseases are also under the practice of nurse practitioners. Providing prenatal care, conducting well-child screenings and immunizations, prescribing rehabilitation treatments and medications, though limited in some states, are also being practiced. All of these fall under the third category and can be summarized as the management of the case.This further identifies the needs of individual, family or community the assessment and interpretation of data collected.   Evaluation and execution of plan of care are also being stressed in the practice of such profession. Nurse practitioners also establish collaborative working relationship with physicians to provide comprehensive care and refer patien ts to other health professionals as needed to meet the appropriate health and medical goals.Nurse practitioners with specialization may include other specific activities in their scope of practice in line with their acquired specialty to further serve the target population. For pedriatric nurse practitioner, for instance, one may include the analysis of factors that may affect the child’s growth and development. Studies relating to abnormal and normal development in relation to anatomical, physiological, motor, cognitive, and social behavior of the child may be included in his scope of practice. Women’s health care nurse practitioner may perform fertility counseling and infertility management and may also give prescription and management of birth control pills and diaphragms or provide family planning services.To further improve the scope of practice, there are nurse practitioners that take advance training for certain clinical procedures. These procedures which can be accomplished by nurse practitioners with effective training which depends on previous experience and practice limitations of individual state Nurse Practice Acts.The continuing progress to cope with changing health care needs of the society is the responsibility of the nurse practitioners. They unite the role of being a care resource person, counselor and educator, researcher and administrator especially in the field of primary health care. Members of such profession are liable for the expansion and improvement of the practice of such profession and this can be achieved through involvement and active participation in professional health care organizations and their activities as they ensure that the standards on the scope of practice for nurse practitioners are maintained.ReferencesKozier B., et al. (1998). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice.Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice. (2007). American College of  Ã‚   Nurse Practitioners .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved 02 December 2007 fromhttps://www.aanp.org/?pageid=3465Sherwood G. et al. (2007). Defining Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice:

Rhetoric and Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 640 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Democracy Essay Did you like this example? According to Literary Devices, when someone is using persuasion they are influencing an audience by presenting their ideas through logic and reason. In our democracy this happens all the time and it is not always positive. Persuasion within a democracy happens using social media, new aged technology, and the power of others. Today in 2018 I will be the first of many to admit that I get an enormous amount of my world news from Facebook, Instagram, and other social media platforms. It is out with the old and in with the new. Just like big chain companies, local businesses, schools, and individuals the political circle is advancing and using these platforms as ways to reach more citizens in a shorter amount of time and it is both strengthening and weaking our democracy. It is always easier to point out what is wrong with something, so I will start there. Facebook has over two million users and not all of them are from the within the borders of the United States. Joining together Facebook, Twitter, and Google have found that Russian have created a large amount of posts some regarding elections and no part of them are true. These posts alone have reached over one hundred million people and all it did was fill them with false news. The thing is that if a trend was set then there is a great chance that American s followed it, let us just look back over all the uneducated challenges we have had. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rhetoric and Democracy" essay for you Create order Politicians also use these platforms as a place to showcase the bad side of their running mates and what they expose to the viewers is not always accurate, but like the old saying says monkey see, monkey do, so naturally if a vast number of people are sharing or retweeting something we often think that it is true. When it comes to politics in our democracy today negative persuasion using social media is a big deal and for us to be knowledgeable voting citizens we must close the app and do some research of our own. Social media in fact can have positive persuasion on our democracy seeing that politicians can put ads and they can be seen by multiple people. This allows them to get their name out and share their story at in a shockingly fast time. One of the things I like the most is when politicians, normally elected, create pages where you can follow them and see what all they are doing. To me this is a positive act of persuasion since people can follow and keep up to date with all th e positives the politicians do, allowing them to form a bigger following. If we are not looking at a computer screen, then there is a chance that we are looking at a television screen and that is filled with all kinds of persuasion from the political advertisements to the televised political debates. When our democracy started to televise political debates it no longer matters so much what a politician was offering but rather what social class they fit in and what they looked like. Our democracy would rather have the attractive leader than one that stood for what they believe in. But just like with social media having televised advertisements and debates allows more voters and citizens to see the candidates. Televising the debates give more citizens the chance to see and listen to what each candidate has to say about different concern, matters, and their own platforms. As citizens in this democracy we must be educated on the idea that there is persuasion all around us even within the democracy, and that to be educated citizens we might have to put the phone down, turn the television off, and really listen and evaluate each candidate so that we can make the best possible decision.